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What is GDT(Gas Discharge Tube) in surge protection?

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What is GDT(Gas Discharge Tube) in surge protection

2024-05-27 16:18:21
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Gas Discharge Tube(Surge arresters) in brief


Gas discharge tube operate on the gas-physical principle of the highly effective arc discharge. Electrically,GDT has the same effect as the voltage-dependent switches. Once the voltage applied to the arrester exceeds the spark-over voltage, an arc is formed in the hermetically sealed discharge region within nanoseconds. The high surge current handling capability and the arc voltage,which is almost independent of the current, short-circuit the overvoltage.When the discharge has died down,the gas discharge tube extinguishes,the internal resistance immediately returns to values of several 100 megohm.

Therefore the GDT almost completely meets all requirements made on a protective element. lt can limit the overvoltage to permissible values reliably. Under normal operating conditions the high insulation resistance and the low capacitance contribute to the fact that a GDT has virtually no impact on the system to be protected.

Key characteristics

lDC spark-over voltage                                    70...7500V

llmpulse discharge current (8/20 us)            Max Value 100KA

llmpulse discharge current (10/350 us)        Max Value 100KA

lAlternating discharge current (1 s)               Max Value 20A

lAlternating discharge current (0.2 s)            Max Value 300A

lArc voltage                                                        10...35V

linsulation resistance                                        Min Value 1GΩ

lCapacitance                                                           Min Value 0.2pF


Basic construction

The basic structure of discharge tube consists of gas-discharge path and external protective layer. Stable conditions can only be ensured if the discharge path is shielded against these environmental influences.  The outer protective layer is usually a ceramic insulator. Our superior insulator and electrode sealing technology ensures a hermetically sealed discharge space.We need to choose right gas inside the GDT, the preferred gas are neon and argon these two noble gases, they can ensure the discharge tube has the best electrical performance. 

The effective electron surface of the electrode is coated with electron powder. A conductive band is attached to the surface of the insulation body, which is used to change the electric field distribution, accelerate the gas discharge process, and achieve the best response when rising rapidly.